AIR COMBAT MANEUVERING INSTRUMENTATION PDF

AIS or Airborne Instrumentation Sub-system is the link between the controllers at Nellis AFB and the individual aircraft carrying the pod.

Each aircraft participating in the exercise is equipped with an AIS pod.

The AIS pod is the most important piece of equipment, providing the flight data downlink from all aircraft to the ground. The control box can be seen behind the solar panel. The microwave dish points to Highland Peak, a major data hub for the northern ranges. Īnother NACTS 2.0 site, this one on Timber Mountain in the northern part of the ranges. The remains of the old NACTS 1.0 site can be seen in the background. It consists of a solar panel for power, a control box with a battery pack (behind the solar panel), microwave dish (this one is pointed at Cedar Peak, one of the main data hubs in the ranges), an omni directional antenna for the aircraft uplink and a GPS antenna. This particular one is located in the Reveille Range. All sites are connected via microwave links.Ī typical NACTS 2.0 site. The backbone of the NDMCS includes Ella Mountain, Highland Peak, Mount Irish, Cedar Peak, a microwave relay site just south-east of Tolicha Peak, Angel Peak and finally Nellis AFB. All systems were developed by Cubic Defense Systems. The NACTS system can handle 100+ aircraft simultaneously. As of this writing in June of 2023 that NACTS 2.0 system with 15 networked ground stations is in use in the NTTR. The ground stations of the NACTS system were upgraded again around Fall of 2013 to use the standard IP based microwave relays for the Nellis Digital Microwave Communication System ( NDMCS). The first generation of NACTS, like its predecessors, still used a proprietary microwave link network between the ground stations. In 1998 the RFMDS in turn was replaced by NACTS ( Nellis Air Combat Training System), which increased precision and range as well as the amount of available data and supported aircraft. The ACMI system was replaced by a system called RFMDS ( Red Flag Measurement and Debriefing System), which allowed an increased range by using newer, more powerful hardware. Initially it covered a relatively small part of the southern 60's Ranges. The original system, set up around 1985, was called Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation ( ACMI). The data is recorded and can be played back in the debriefing after each sortie for training purposes. The ground stations are connected to each other and to the control center at Nellis AFB via microwave links. The system involves state of the art sensors on the aircraft and a network of ground stations that, like an inverted GPS system, triangulate the 3D position of an equipped aircraft. This article discusses the equipment used in the Nellis Test and Training Range (NTTR) during Red Flag and other air exercises that provides instructors and ground controllers a 3-D picture of the simulated air combat, including air-air engagements and air-ground strikes in real time. The empirical validation advocates the advantages of our design choices.Red Flag NACTS Information Red Flag NACTS Information The commander policy is trained on mission targets given pre-trained low-level policies.

Their training is organized in a learning curriculum with increasingly complex training scenarios and league-based self-play. Low-level policies are trained for accurate unit combat control. In our framework, the decision-making process is divided into two stages of abstraction, where heterogeneous low-level policies control the action of individual units, and a high-level commander policy issues macro commands given the overall mission targets.

We propose a hierarchical multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for air-to-air combat with multiple heterogeneous agents. These challenges are exacerbated when multiple heterogeneous agents are involved. To date the high-dimensional state and action spaces, the high complexity of situation information (such as imperfect and filtered information, stochasticity, incomplete knowledge about mission targets) and the nonlinear flight dynamics pose significant challenges for accurate air combat decision-making.

AIR COMBAT MANEUVERING INSTRUMENTATION PDF

Download a PDF of the paper titled Hierarchical Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Air Combat Maneuvering, by Ardian Selmonaj and 5 other authors Download PDF Abstract:The application of artificial intelligence to simulate air-to-air combat scenarios is attracting increasing attention.

Air combat maneuvering instrumentation